Important note : If during the Middle Ages Latin evolved independently from its classical archetype, the humanists of the Renaissance strove to restore the original language by drawing from copies of the works of ancient authors. These copies being imperfect, the spelling of certain words was impaired with folk etymology and influenced by improper pronunciation, and the length of the vowels, despite its importance in the classical language, was and still is widely neglected. Only the rise of Indo-European studies, especially after 1850, helped restoring and gradually spread the original forms and sounds of the words. Older works, when they are republished, may also benefit from the most recent spelling, and as such show more useful to students who need to learn from the best standards, or just provide a more pleasurable reading experience to more advanced readers. Therefore, this work is offered to you in the original version, but also in a renewed version, with better spelling if applicable, and long vowels noted with macrons. On the other hand, although the spelling has been modified, vocabulary, grammar and syntax, fortunate or not, which belong to the author, were kept as they were out of respect for the original work.
REBILIUS CRUSO:
ROBINSON CRUSOE, IN LATIN;
A BOOK TO LIGHTEN TEDIUM
TO A LEARNER.
BY FRANCIS WILLIAM NEWMAN, EMERITUS PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON; HONORARY FELLOW OF WORCESTER COLLEGE, OXFORD.
LONDON:
TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL.
M.DCCC.LXXXIV.
NOTTINGHAM:
PRINTED BY STEVENSON, BAILEY, AND SMITH,
LISTER GATE.
PREFACE.
This book was composed when the writer was a Professor of Latin, as part of a larger scheme. He has long been convinced that the mode of teaching Latin has become less and less effective in proportion as it has been made more and more scientific. The effort has been general to confine the pupil to the most elaborate styles and the most approved classics, and the exercise of memory has been superseded by minute accuracy in the study of very limited pieces. In the natural mode we have enormous endless repetition and much learning of the names of things. We begin with short sentences and a very limited number of verbs; and we learn with the least possible number of rules. If we could talk in Latin, that would be of all best; but as we cannot get exercise in talking it for practical needs, no teacher can hope to gain adequate readiness and facility: or if a few might, yet this could not be counted on in any general system. It has long been my conviction that we ought to seek to learn a language first, and study its characteristic literature afterward. Greek and Latin literature plunge us into numerous difficulties all at once, inasmuch as their politics, their history, their geography and their religion are all strange to the young student. To take difficulties one by one is obvious wisdom; and with a view to this I elaborately maintained in an article of the Museum (No. iv., Jan., 1862, Edinburgh) that we ought to teach by modern Latin. As parts of such a system I have executed and published a Latin “Hiawatha,” and Latin Verse Translations of many small pieces of English poetry. If I could write Latin conversations that would interest learners, I should gladly have undertaken this: but when I tried, I could not invent matter that seemed interesting enough. This indeed is my objection to Erasmus’s “Colloquies,” which also are not easy enough in idiom to satisfy me. This “Robinson Crusoe” I thought I could make very interesting, and it includes a far greater variety of vocabulary than can be obtained from any of our received classics of the same length. I hope also the style is easy.
I surely need not apologize for taking only the general idea from Defoe. His tale is far too diffuse, too full of moralizing and with too little variety. He was very ignorant of the Botany and Zoology of the tropics, and when his tale is faithfully abridged, its impossibilities become too glaring. The Arabic “Robinson Crusoe” published by the Church Missionary Society cuts down Defoe’s story unmercifully.
I am indebted to my former colleague, the late Professor T. Hewitt Key, for the translation of Robinson into the name Rebilius. He also approved of Ignipulta for a gun, not as strictly grammatical, but as good enough to pass with Latins who were familiar with the word Catapulta. From him also I adopted Cannones, for cannons, and Pistola a pistol. The word Canna, a cane (or hollow tube) seems to be the root of Cann̄on, a tube or cannon, in Spanish, whence the American can̄on for a tunnel, or larger tube.
After I had executed my own Rebilius (finally completed in 1861), I learned that a Frenchman, Goffaux, had published a “Robinson Crusoe” in Latin and French. On discovering this, I stopped the printing which I had begun, and after some delay succeeded in getting the book. But on perusing it I found his principles of remodelling the tale to be fundamentally the opposite of mine, concerning which I need not enlarge. I like his Latin, yet do not think his book supersedes mine. But if teachers can practically use his with advantage, I shall be well satisfied.
I wish here to renew my protest, that no accuracy of reading small portions of Latin will ever be so effective as extensive reading; and to make extensive reading possible to the many, the style ought to be very easy and the matter attractive. To enable us to talk, we ought to have a vocabulary that includes all familiar objects,--which the Classics of our schools cannot give us. Terence, though somewhat too difficult, would have great excellencies for the learner; but the substance of his plays is low, and eminently unedifying.
In the near future, some universal tongue will be sought for by the educated. If Latin be still learned in England, France, Italy, Germany, Hungary, Spain, this is still, as three centuries ago, the best for all Christendom. But perhaps even Latin will be beaten out of the schools.
It may be well to remark, that inasmuch as the grave accent has been very widely used in school books as indicative of an adverb, I adopt the mark in this sense; and think it no objection to say that the Latins never so used it. Neither had they our stops. We do not pretend to follow their writing in detail. We usefully distinguish the vowels u i from the consonants v j; they did not. What should we gain, by writing the Iliad as its author wrote it? So too, I think it well occasionally to add long or short marks, as ēgēre ĕgēre ēgĕre, vēnēre vĕnĕre, lătēre lătĕre lātere, to obviate ambiguity. Nay I write fluctûs for gen. sing., fluctūs for plural, but fluctus for nomin. sing. When et means both or even, I set an acute accent over it, not doubting that it then received some emphasis.
I also borrow from the marks used in Hebrew an under-parenthesis for coupling words that are in grammatical union. This mark is often very effective in explaining the structure of complicated Greek sentences.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
1 Robinson’s parentage. 2 His first adventures. 3 His slavetrading voyage. 4 The shipwreck. 5 They take to the boat. 6 It is swamped. 7 His narrow escape. 8 His forlorn position. 9 He sleeps in a tree. 10 His mental struggles. 11 The dog and long boat. 12 He swims to the ship. 13 Its condition. The skiff. 14 He makes a raft. 15 He loads it, first with food; 16 next, with other necessaries. 17 He tows off the raft by the skiff. 18 Favouring weather. 19 It is all but wrecked. 20 He sleeps again in a tree. 21 His first supper. 22 He fastens the raft; 23 and visits the long boat. 24 Second visit to the ship. 25 He plans a raft on water-tight empty boxes. 26 He carries off a few costly articles in the skiff; 27 and tows off whatever will float. 28 He lands his train at the nearest point; 29 and explores a natural harbour. 30 His dog-and-cat meat. 31 He ascertains that he is in an island. 32 Its character. 33 His precaution against panthers. 34 He puts his first raft in safety. 35 Third visit to the ship. 36 He brings away his new raft. 37 Second expedition the same day.
CHAPTER II.
38 In future, he will write less minutely. 39 Weather changes. 40 He goes on foot to his harbor. 41 Its cliffs and caverns. 42 He bathes. 43 Sport and affection of the dog. 44 Robinson ascends to the table land. 45 Shoots a she-antelope and wounds a kid. 46, 7 How he deals with his booty. 48 His mental agitations. 49 His ledger of things good and bad. 50 How he is soothed. 51 He conciliates dog and cat to the kid. 52 Thirteen days’ work. 53 Why the ship had so much ammunition. 54 His search for certain articles. 55 He finds iron tools; 56 and baskets of dry beans; 57 and a portion of the plaid dresses. 58 He heightens his skiff. 59 His device for the long boat. 60 He saves it into his harbor. 61 Last visit to the ship. 62 His raft is wrecked. 63 The ship vanishes.
CHAPTER III.
64 His state of feeling. 65 His affection to tame animals. 66 His cooking of the beans. 67 Recovery of articles from his wrecked raft. 68 Details concerning the caverns. 69 Smoothness of their floor. 70 Solidity of their roofs. 71 Their screen of cactuses. 72 His bedroom and larder. 73 His manifold embarrassments. 74 He discovers a pure rill at hand; 75 and a natural dock for the boat. 76 He hedges in a spot in the valley. 77 He transports certain things to the caverns. 78 Numerous gay-hued birds. 79 Abundant vegetation. 80 Kindling materials. 81 Tropical products. 82 The creek ends in a land stream. 83 Natural fruit gardens. 84 He clings to the seaside. 86 He recovers the computation of time, and resumes his nautical mathematics. 87 How he had learned. 88 His register of lunar months.
CHAPTER IV.
89 How he had learned carpentry. 90 He makes a little sledge. 91 He arranges his caverns. 92 His fear of wild beasts. 93 He adapts the ship ladder to a new use. 94 Digs a hole under his window. 95 He now feels safe. 96 On mining. 97 On his familiarity with gunpowder. 98 Removes to the caverns. 99 His encounter with a female antelope. 100 His two new young ones. 101 Absence of men on the island. 102 He amasses fodder and improves two cliff paths. 103 He discovers a palm grove eastward; 104 and a forest glen aloft to N.W. 105 How he brings down fuel and timber. 106 Climate of his island. 107 He rows round to the palm grove. 108 He cuts a young tree for boat oars.
CHAPTER V.
109 He arranges his armory. 110 His other apartments. 111 His laundry operations. 112 Treatment of his skin and hair. 113 Distress from cold. 114 His leathern tippet. 115 His mat for the back. 116 Defence for head and cheeks in heat. 117 He shapes his new oars. 118 Exercises his boat in harbor. 119 From his skiff he sees a lofty mountain. 120 How he cooks waterfowl. 121 How he gets tame pigeons. 122 His toil in carrying. 123 His spirits suddenly fail. 124 His religious agitation. 125 His tackle to catch a rabbit. 126 He catches two. 126* He plaits new shoes.
CHAPTER VI.
127 He explores the high mountain. 128 Panorama from the summit. 129 The mainland is on the south. 130 He discovers vine plants, and brings home citrons and lemons half-ripe. 131 He returns by an easy and natural road. 132 Joy makes him liberal. 133 Threefold character of the island. 134, 5 He explores the hill west of the creek. 136 He catches a parrot. 137 He makes a rabbit-hutch. 138 He reads of elephant catching. 139 He plans to catch a fully-grown antelope alive. 140-2 The battle and victory. 143 He catches a female alive, and two kids. 144 Steady morning rains. North of the palm grove, he surveys eastward more of the coast; 145 with tortoises on wide sands. 146 Why he has no palms in his harbor. 147 Sport of the dog with the kids. 148 Their swiftness. 149 Description of the antelopes. 150 He trains them to the little sledge; his harness. 151 His dog learns to watch the flock. 152 He trains them to his whistle. 153 His schemes for food. 154 His fishing. 155 His weir-net. 156. He moralizes on his own character.
CHAPTER VII.
157 His dressing of fish. 158 His unleavened bannocks. 159 His home garden. 160 His argumentation with himself. 161, 2 How he is affected by his mother’s birthday. 163 His funeral feast. 164 He finishes it in the glen. 165, 6 The parrot’s talk. 167-9 He brings home a tortoise. 170 The hull of the ship is cast up. 171 He ventures upon it within the reef. 172 An ague seizes him. 173 His dread of darkness; he drinks, first lemonade; 174 afterwards, Cinchona. 175 He gets oil and eggs from the tortoise. 176 He makes lampwicks. 177 The weather clears. 178 Birth of new kittens. 179 Other new broods. 180-2 Development of his religious sentiment. 183 The Popish Prayer-book. 184 The lessons which he now learnt.
CHAPTER VIII.
185 He saws down the horns of the male antelope. 186 Use of the horns. 187 He makes a drill, 188 with a bow, 189 and guide; 190 also a larger sledge. 191 Deficiency of leather. 192 How he makes fine ropes. 193 His small bridge. 194 His beach road. 195 New kids. 196 Contrivance for picking cocoa nuts. 197 Experiments on leaves, pith and bark. 198, 9 Migration of his flock. 200 He sleeps in a hammock under the sky. 201 He makes the rush mat for his back. 202 His dress in the heat. 203 His preparation of a yam garden. 204 His siesta. 205 His raisins. 206 New products of the soil. 207 Turpentine or Resin. 208 Midday with the dog. 209-11 More fruits. 212 Unsuccessful expedition in the long boat. 213 He cannot return against the wind; 214 his distress. 215 The parrot comes to comfort him. 216 He trudges home, leaving the boat. 217 He fixes the latitude; 218 plants his kitchen garden. 219 Adds to his stores of food. 220 Insufficiency of his store-chests. 221 His first attempt at pottery. 222 He builds a furnace. 223 Makes huge square jars of coarse pottery. 224 He sets up a target for practice. 225 His preserving of fruit. 226 His recovery of glass beads.
CHAPTER IX.
227 Two boats of black savages arrive. 228 He arms; 229 goes forth and views a cannibal feast. 230 A captive escapes. 231 Robinson shoots one pursuer dead and wounds another; 232 but saves the life of the latter. 233 Binds up his wound. 234 Ascertains that the two boats have departed. 235 He brings the fugitive to his caverns. 236 Returns to bury the dead; 237 and bring home the wounded man. 238 He tries the temper of the fugitive. 239 His deliberation and assumed majesty. 240 His careful treatment of the fugitive (Elapsus). 241 He astonishes both men with his pistols,--also Elapsus with telescope and watch. 242 He pours away nearly all the brandy and rum. 243 Elapsus makes good sandals for Robinson. 244 Robinson gives him a handsome plaid; 245 also cloaks to both. 246 He takes Elapsus to the scene of the murderous feast. 247 Elapsus reveals the virtues of trees and shrubs, 248 and talks of Indian poultry. 249, 250 Various palms and their uses. 251 Thoughts about the long boat. 252 Convalescence of Secutor. 253 Elapsus devises a royal badge for Robinson. 254 Robinson accepts it; 255 and gives a secondary badge to Elapsus. 256 Description of the two men. 257 Elapsus is curious about work in iron. 258 Skill of both men in wattling and plaiting. 259 Skill of Secutor in cookery; his making of tea. 260 Why Robinson resolves to show no distrust. 261 He teaches both the sword-exercise. 262 Armor used in it. 263 Secutor makes new arrows. 264 Robinson plans a cross-bow. 265 The men execute it.
CHAPTER X.
266 Expedition to fetch the boat. 267 Mending of the sails. 268 It tacks well. 269 Elapsus pronounces it, Not yet good. 270 Secutor enlarges the kitchen garden. 271 Their sport in swimming. 272 Trial of soap-making. 273 Secutor as groom and gardener. 274 Reliefs for the men’s toil. 275, 6 Elapsus works bulwarks and flaps (outriggers) for the boat. 277 Robinson studies how to fulfil his demands of ironwork. 278 With Elapsus he makes a longer excursion on the hills. 279 Gets a view of the ridges and under cliff on the north-east. 280 The three work together at the smithy. 281 The parrot is killed by a falcon. How Elapsus comforts Robinson. 282 Diligent work during the rains. 283 Secutor’s enmity to the rabbits. 284 Robinson’s literary occupation. 285 His talk with them during their work. 286 They present him with a royal dress. 287 They try the new rig of the boat. 288 Petition of the two men concerning wives. 289 Robinson’s anxieties. 290 His first question. 291 Their further suggestions. 292 His fresh objections. 293 He insists on first surveying the coast.
CHAPTER XI.
294 Their new manufactures. 295 Robinson plays the hydrographer. 296 Elapsus finds the rice plant. 297 They survey the west coast. 298 Difficulty about currents. 299 Problem of the flock, solved by Elapsus. 300 They agree to hew new oars. 301 Robinson claims better missiles. 302 Their reply reproves him. 303 Their activity. 304 They carry home the fruit crop. 305, 6 Some account of their own country. 307 Calculations of Elapsus. 308 Secutor’s account of the late war. 309 Why neither tribe comes to the island. 310 Robinson promises to sail within four days. 311 Energy of Secutor. 312 Zoology of the mainland. 313 Robinson’s final preparations. 314 Fate of the tame rabbits. 315 The three put to sea at evening; 316 and at dawn see land. 317 The two men resume their true names. 318 Reception by the populace. 319 The shooting match. 320 Sister of Gelavi; 321 also his bride. 322 Robinson consents to everything. 323 They are towed out with honor. 324 The return voyage. 325 They land at the Garden-port. 326 What of the flock?
CHAPTER XII.
327 Nuptial preparations. 328 Indian Poultry. 329 Pranks of thieves. 330 Nuptial ceremonies. 331 Speech of Robinson. 332 Services of Upis and Calefus; 333 also of Pachus. Skill of Totopil in snares. 334 Functions of Robinson. 335 New Pottery and store closet. 336 Sago, Wax, Oil, Sugar. 337 Pachus and Calefus undertake rice. 338 Apartments. 339 New cares of Robinson. 340 Retrospect of his slavery. 341 His rest on Sunday. 342 His Sunday School. 343 His pupil teachers. 344 Materials for paper. 345 Religious talk with Gelavi. 346 Pachus makes needles. 347 New ideas of Gelavi. 348 Robinson seeks explanation. 349 Gelavi cannot satisfy him. 350 Pachus finds a stream of copper. 351 Three persons are driven on shore in a boat. 352 Policy of Robinson. 353 Perplexing comment of Gelavi. 354 The strangers depart. 355 Anxieties of Robinson. 356 New arrivals. 357 Robinson’s suspicions. 358 of Gelavi and Fenis. 359 Fenis’s defence. 360 Robinson recovers himself. 361 His promises to Cortops. 365 Supplementary conditions.
CHAPTER XIII.
366 Robinson’s zeal for his own language. 367 Gelavi opposes. 368, 9 The discussion. 370 Robinson reluctantly yields. 371 He aids Gelavi in new alphabet. 372 He trains his own family to firearms. 373 Refuses to tell how to make gunpowder. 374 Pachus and Robinson sleep in hammocks. 375 Guns of distress. 376 Robinson sends to Cortops for rowers, 377 and boards the ship. 378 The rowers tow it off the sandbank. 379 Robinson guides them to the creek. 380 He promises a new mast, 381 and food. 382 The captain’s story. 383 He asks the longitude, 384 and promises to carry Robinson to England. 385 Robinson orders food, 386 and shoots three wild antelopes, 387 and a pelican. 388 Cortops gives rice liberally. 389 The captain visits the caverns, 390 and accepts one dead antelope. 391 Gifts to Cortops and the rowers. 392 On the new mast. 393 Robinson and two men cut it. 394 Robinson visits Cortops by appointment. 395 Secret interview and compact. 396 It is revealed to Pachus and Gelavi. 397 Robinson abdicates in favor of Cortops. 398 Cortops adopts Gelavi as son and successor.
CHAPTER XIV.
399 Dispatch of business. 400 Royal gifts of Robinson to Cortops. 401 Sudden loss of Robinson’s skiff by Upis. 402 Yards are wanting to the mast. 403 Robinson undertakes to be ship-carpenter; 404 and buys many wares of the captain as presents to Cortops, Pachus and Calefus. 405 Great farewell on the Sunday; 406 and solemn advice to Gelavi. 407 Final arrangements in the ship. 408 Last gifts of Robinson. 409 The ship is wind-bound. 410 Robinson’s story of himself. 411 How he escaped from the Moors to Brazil. 412 Received funds from England. 413 Became familiar with his employer’s sons; 414 was invited to join in partnership. 415 Easy liberality of the Brazilians. 416 European considerations. 417 Robinson becomes a partner. 418 Fertility of the country. 419 Nature and management of his estates. 420 Occupation of three years. 421 His ennui in the fourth. 422 New overtures of his partner. 423-430 Robinson consents, after faint resistance. 431-3 His voyage and shipwreck. 434 The weather changes. 435 They are towed off. 436 The boats and Gelavi depart. 437 They fall in with a ship bound for England. 438 Robinson sends a letter by it. 439 He reaches Jamaica. 440 Arranges business at Brazil by letters--and without further events, regains his English home.
ERRATA.
Transcriber’s Note: the errata have been corrected as part of the process of producing this e-text.
Section 8, line 6--for rersus read rursus. ” 12, ” 14--for protulentam read potulentam. ” 35, ” 15--for facilime read facillime. ” 59, ” 12--for hue read huc. ” 65, ” 12--for compertum read compertam. ” 66, ” 6--for panxillulum read pauxillulum. ” 70, ” 3--for tălis read talĭs. ” 91, ” 4--for qualicumque read qualicunque. ” 103, ” 8--for explorari read explorare. ” 216, ” 2--for incedentem read incedens. ” 291, ” 4--for Secutorum read Secutorem.
ROBINSON CRUSOE.
REBILII CRUSONIS ANNALES.
CAPUT PRIMUM.
1. Natus sum ego Eboraci, ex bonâ familiâ, sed peregrinâ: quippe pater meus Germanus fuit e Bremâ, ubi appellabatur Kreutznaer. Ceterùm per mercaturam dives factus, Eboraci consedit, unde recepit in connubium matrem meam. Ex hujus agnatis praenomen mihi Rebilius, ex patre nomen Kreutznaer inditum est. Sed vulgus hominum, facili corruptelâ, Crusonem me Rebilium appellabat. Tertius eram filius familiae. Frater maximus, tribunus militum, cum Hispanis praelio congressus, ad Dunquercam occubuit. Frater proximus, sicut ego quoque postea, incertum quomodo, evanuit. Me quidem pater, diligenter institutum, juris legumque studiis destinabat: sed, fatali quodam motu, nihil mihi arridebat, nisi ut mari oberrarem.
2. Primâ in juventâ clam patrem évasi nauta. Cursu mox felici cum magistro navis humanissimo ad Guineam Africae navigavi. Altero in cursu a Mauris piratis captus sum, et per quatuor fere annos duram servivi servitutem. Inde miraculo audaciae elapsus, in Lusitanâ quâdam navĕ ad Braziliam sum devectus, ubi colono cuidam tres ampliùs annos strenuam operam navavi, praefectus servorum agrestium. Mox per hunc amicosque hujus adductus sum, ut ad Guineam navigarem, homines nigritas conquisiturus, quos ipsi inter se per sua praedia servitutis causâ dividerent. Equidem magnam lucri partem eram derivaturus.
3. Sed longe aliter ordinavit Deus, ne impune caecae cupiditati obsequerer. Nempe ventis abrepta navĭs Oceanum transire nequibat, sed longe ad Caurum devehitur, circa Orinoconis ostia, ut credebamus. Altera mox superveniens procella magno impetu nos in Occidentem propulit, ubi, si e mari effugeremus, per feros homines foret pereundum.
4. Gravi impendente periculo, nocte intempestâ et saeviente adhuc vento, nauta qui erat in vigiliâ “terram adesse” exclamavit; atque, antea quàm ceteri experrecti superne congregamur, navĭs in arenis haeret. Stătim cum strepitu tremendo corruunt māli eorumque armamenta. Fluctūs magnâ vi foros proluebant, neque ipsae navĭs compages diu toleraturae videbantur. 5. Magister scapham demitti jubet. Demittitur: nec facilè id quidem. Res, quae maxime ad vitam sunt necessariae, raptim ingerunter; tum nos ipsi, tredecim viri, in eandem descendimus. Montosum littus inter sublustrem caliginem furvum apparebat: eò remigamus, si qua fortè in sinu terrae reducto tranquilliore mari utamur. Jam, violenter undante salo et circum nos se frangente, res non nauticae peritiae sed divinae opis videbatur: quare inter remigandum se quisque Deo Supremo, pius impiusve, commendabat, salute paene desperatâ. 6. Ventus, ad terram propellens, cursum scaphae accelerabat, terram faciebat formidolosiorem; metu autem maris, spe littoris, ipsi nosmet quasi in certissimum exitium detrudebamus. Tandem, vadosiore mari, fluctūs perniciosius circumfringi et dejectari scapha. Mox, ecce crista undae ingens, quae nos persequitur; et vix DEI effamur nomen, quum cuncti sumus absorpti.
7. Quae sequebantur, longa fortasse enarratu, factu erant brevissima. Profundiùs sensi me verbere fluctûs illius deprimi, sed, animâ fortiter compressâ, ad summas aquas emersi tandem. Altero in fluctu spumante implicatus atque violenter circumtortus, immensùm anhelans eluctor; tum conversus, humeros meos succedenti oppono cristae. Ea me magnâ vi cautem versus projecit, aquâ exstantem: hanc ego amplexus, adhaereo, dum decurrit unda; tunc, priusquam novus superveniat fluctus, per vada exsiliens scando, iterumque amplector cautem; simul, aestu paulisper obruor. Ictus ejus me aspere quassabat, sed extemplo aëra animamque recepi, et rursus per vada supergredior. Citra saxa undas longe minus ingentes sensi, inter quas poteram natare, aegrē profectò. Mox littore ipso projectus, uncis pedibus in sabulonem lapillosque inculcatis, pronus decĭdo, ut ne me fluctus retrahat. Uno pòst temporis momento in terrâ firmâ asto. Conversus, video praeter littus cautium seriem, inter albicantes aquas nigrarum; nihil aliud per tenebras in mari dispicio, neque scapham neque quemquam e sodalibus.
8. Tamen haud valde caliginosa erat nox. Ingentes aliquot nubes, et plurimae nubeculae, sibilante vento raptabantur: inter has clarissima lucebant sidera e nigerrimo caelo. Respiciens ad terram, collium duntaxat cerno lineamenta ac rupium. Tum vestimenta raptim detracta mănibus contorqueo, et, quoad possum, aquam marinam exprimo. Eadem rursus induor, (quid aliud facerem?) et rupem proximam per algas enisus ascendo; frustra: nam ne inde quidem in mari quidquam discerni potest.
9. Attamen arboris forma super colle exstat. Hanc sequor, et, ut potissimum in caligine, arborem illam scando et ramos amplexus interfususque me repono. Vestimentorum in loculis nihil habui, praeter cultellum, tabaci aliquantum et tubulum fumarium. Post brevem requiem assurgens, virgam grandiusculam amputo, quâ protegam me aliquatenus. Aquâ marinâ largiùs insorptâ, tamen neque sitis neque famis aderat mihi levamen. Sed, loco cibi, tabaci folium in os meum compono, implicatâque ramis virgâ, membra mea ita dispono, ut ne decĭdam, si somno capiar. Vespertiliones, et maximi illi quidem, stridoribus ac volatu, somnum aliquamdiu discutiunt.
10. Item quoad concitato opus erat corpore, mens mea tranquilla fuerat ac praesens: nunc, quando quiescit corpus, maxime se mens agitare coepit. Imprimis gratias Deo optimo maximo sincerissimas profudi, admirans praesertim, si ego solus ex tanto naufragio servor. Mox id ipsum crudelissime me pungit; etenim hîc solitarius, madidus, famelicus, paene nudus, pejùs enecor quàm in mari, nisi verò feri homines sive bestiae me devorabunt. Sane ego id temporis pius non eram, minime religiosus. Igitur tantâ in calamitate magnus me aestus animi conquassabat, inter grates querelasque, consilium ac desperationem. Tandem agitatione victus profundo somno conquievi, laboris ac moestitiae oblītus.
11. Mānĕ expergiscor, multum recreatus, sed algens; nec mirum. Ceterùm ibi maris temperies humanae cutis calorem aequat: etiam nox ipsa tepet: porro arboris illius densa folia fuerant mihi pro tegumento, ne calor in apertum aethera effugeret. Sciuri, psittaci, macaci sive cercopitheci circùm garriebant continenter. Evigilans incipio descendere: ecce autem canis noster ad radices arboris meae, quasi custodiens. Id me tenero quodam ita affecit gaudio, ut lacrimae oculis oborirentur. Ergo non sum prorsus solitarius; unum saltem retineo amicum! Hunc demulceo, plaudo armos, paene amplector. Mox festinanter deambulans, navem nostram ex adverso conspicor, longiuscule ultra eas cautes, ubi ipse projectus fui. Sine dubio aestus intumescens, ex arenis levatam, huc detrusit. Jam autem paene sopito vento, inanis tantùm supererat undarum jactatio. At ego in margine rupis incedens, despecto circa littus: mox, interjectis vix mille passibus, scapham nostram discerno in arenâ, subter caeruleâ quâdam rupe. Adire eam volui; sed quasi lingua quaedam maris interfusa impediebat; et quoniam fame urgebar, in navem potiùs, si possem, regrediendum censui.
12. Degressus rupe, redeo praeter littus: ibi pileum nauticum video, summo cum moerore. Jam aliquantum recesserat aestus, atque, ut aestimabam, vix trecenti aquarum passūs a nave me distinebant. Exutis pallâ braccisque, intrepide mare ingressus sum, inter grallatorias aves, quae plurimae aquâ exsurgebant; et facilè navem natando assequor. Puppis ejus valde elevata est, depressa prora; ex quâ catenae dependentes aquam tangebant. Has ego prehensas ascendo, et supervado loricam tabulatorum. O tristem ruinam, ubi māli, vela, funes strage conturbatissimâ complicantur. Sed ego ad cellam penuariam decurro, ibique arrepto pane nautico (qui bis coctus appellatur) vescor libenter. Mox, ex arcâ meâ ipsius extractas, vestes induor atque horologium meum resumo. (Profecto resurgente aestu vesperi, ille meus in littore vestitus natans asportatus est.) Simul ut aquam potulentam invenio, sinūs vestium pane complevi, ut quoties lĭbēret, vescerer: tum meditabar, quid facerem potissimum.
13. Illud me angebat, quòd manifeste, si in nave mansissemus, omnes fuissemus salvi. Super prorâ quidem saepius insultantes undae plurimas res corruperant; sed altera pars, puppim versus, alte sublata, sicca erat atque incolumis. Quippe, ut credo, quia in arenâ, non in cautibus haeserat, carinae soliditas perduravit. Quàm plurimas res jam cupiebam asportare; sed id erat difficile. Scapha major, ut dixi, in littore projecta erat longe. Illa quindecim viros facilè portabat, et in magnis Africae fluviis ad invehendos venales magno usui erat futura. Alteram comportaveramus longe minorem, cymbam potiùs quam scapham dixerim; quae duos homines cum remige posset ad scapham devehere, si quà juxta ripas aquae forent breviores. Haec in nave remansit: demittere eam in mare erat in facili; sed parum capiebat, nec videbatur nimio sub onere aestum littoris toleratura. Postquam arcas ac dolia multo cum suspiratu aliquamdiu aspexi, contemplor mālos, ac ratem componendam decerno.
14. Subito exsultans, ex fabri nostri repositorio serrâ dereptâ, malos disseco, ut trabes longitudine fere pares efficiam. Has in mare provolvo, funibus quibusdam mālorum supra inhibitas. Ligna grandiora cujuscunque generĭs colligo, ingero, omnia funiculis deligata. Postea ipse seminudus, cum malleo et confibularum sacculo circum collum suspenso, degressus equito super trabe. Undatio maris jam deminuta est: raptim ego ligna atque trabes, vēlis funibusque confusas, conjungo, destino, depango; vi meâ maximâ, quantumvis rudi, ratĭs fundamenta jaciens. Redeo supra; video quanta sint portanda onera, ratemque nondum sufficere. Tum alia ligna plurima et tabulas ex omni parte navĭs conquiro. Has dissecare ex suo loco, nimii laboris erat atque temporis. Sed septa animadverto lignea, quae ad dividenda nigritarum cubilia comparaveram. Utrumque binis hamis e tergo, binis spicatis clavis e fundo, erat instructum; annulis lateri navĭs infixis, per quos hami inseri debebant. Haec septa plurimam atque optimam mihi sufficiebant materiem. Quibus rebus superadditis, molem ratĭs et soliditatem multum adaugeo; tum funibus astringo cuncta. Longum id erat et sane difficile: necnon sol me admonebat horarum: horologium substiterat. Denique postquam, graviter insultans rati, firmitati ejus confido, maximo cum dolore sentio, vix minimam partem eorum, quae vellem, posse me asportare; jam autem deligendum esse. 15. Ab operâ paulisper requiesco; vini ardentis saccharini haurio pocillum, meditorque moestissime. Ea quae ad vitam maxime sunt necessaria, decerno sumere imprimis; tum, arma ad vitam defendendam. Quatuor nautarum arcas commode vehi posse super rati meâ credebam. Totidem exinanio, et, per tollenonem[A] suculis instructum, demitto in ratem: hanc mox scalas versùs traho. Sacculos impleo plures bis cocto pane, oryzâ, fabis, miliariâ atque hordeaceâ farinâ; et facilè in arcas dejicio. Fabis atque milio praesertim eramus nigritas cibaturi, et sane multum hujus cibi portabamus, sed infra in alveo. Jam tres caseos Batavicos arripio, caprinae carnis siccatae massas quinque, (quâ carne vel maxime vescebamur,) et frumenti Europaei relliquias quasdam, quod ad gallinas alendas convexeramus. Gallinae vi procellarum perierant omnes. Ceterùm triticum fuit id, cum hordeo: postea inveni corruptum esse per sorices.
16. Dein latice ardenti anquisito, vini palmaris congios fere sex, cum plurimis delicatiorum potuum lagenis, seorsim conclusi. Hae lagenae partim magistri fuerant, partim meae ipsius. Lacernam meam et lecti opertorium corripio, porro serram, securim, malleum clavosque: sed haec in cymbâ destino portanda. Plures fuisse in nave nitrati pulveris cados majores sciebam; sed ubinam artillator noster eos habuisset condĭtos, eram nescius. Tandem multum anquisitos duo invēni siccos sanosque, tertium aquâ marinâ corruptum. Cistas tres, hôc pulvere completas, curatissime intra arcam super rati ita concludo, ut, si fluctus alluat, minimo sit detrimento. Jam de igne fovendo subit cura. Coqui nostri recenseo supellectilem. Inde deripio foculum cum forcipe, batillo et rutabulo, cratibulam ferream, ahenum, ollamque coculam. Satis oneris jam videbar imposuisse. 17. Cymbam protinus per easdem suculas mari committo; id quod difficillimum fuisset, nisi requiessent undae. Huc impono ignipultam aucupariam optimam, par pistolarum cum balteo, mulctram stanneam, igniaria, sīnum ligneum, poculum ex albo plumbo, item corneum; cum vestibus ac fabrili supellectile, quam nominavi. Addo pilularum plumbearum sacculum ac gladios duo. Unus horum falcatus erat Maurusii mei domini gladius. Solem video declinare; itaque propere funem tractorium rati adjungo, funiculos plures in cymbam projicio, jamque descendo cum remis, ratem ad littus tracturus.
18. Tria me confirmabant,--mare tranquillum; aestus placide allabens; aurae quoque, quantum erat, terram versùs spirans. Parvam ancoram in cymbâ portabam. Jam remigo, atque contus animum subit. Redeo, effero contum: demum littus peto, sed directam viam cautes prohibebant. Aves multae in ratem consederunt, ut piscarentur commode. Has aegre abigo. Mox sensi me praetervehi, ipso mari clam trahente: inde sperabam posse me in fluvii alicujus ostium deportari, ubi bona mea tutiùs exponerem. Id quod evenit: nam rupes mox subeo, ubi in convallem sinus maris intrat. 19. Sed dum remis, quantum possum, medium in flumen cymbam dirigo, paene altero naufragio conflictor, rate vădo illisâ. Declivi protinus rati delabebantur ejus onera, nisi propere succurrissem. Circumactâ cymbâ, ligna aliquot de rate in interstitia ejusdem intrudo, quasi paxillis enormibus sustinens arcas. Hîc alligatus necessario commoror, anxius sane animi, donec aestus insurgens ratem allevavit. Tum in parvum quendam sĭnum deverto, juxta planitiem, cui mare debebat superfundi. Eò mox delatus metuebam ancoram dejicere, ne tanta mōles funem abrumperet, nisi aquas stagnare intelligerem. Tandem recedens aestus in terrâ firmâ relinquit et cymbam et ratem.
20. Onera mea exponere inutile erat, nocte appropinquante. In arbore aliquâ iterum dormire decrevi; itaque suffertâ ignipultâ armatus, item gladio serrâque, per ulvas uberrimas procedo, anquisiturus idoneum cubile. Nemus haud longe video. Ibi delectâ majore quâdam arbore, curvis transversisque ramis, gradūs pro scalis in cortice serrâ incīdo; tum scandens cum serrâ amputo ramorum quidquid sit obfuturum, et cubandi facio periculum. Macacos video plures in arboribus, sed parvos mitesque.
21. Redeunti cănis occurrit, lepusculum ore ferens, quem ante pedes meos projecit. Intellexi eum magnam partem devorasse; etenim plenus saturque apparebat. Sane ego donum ejus non contemsi, quamvis laniatum. Accepi; sed subit cura, ne sōlo meo amico priver, nisi sedulò pascam. Magno erat corpore, multoque egebat cibatu; de quo incepi meditari.--Dulcem aquam juxtà conspicor, in flumen marinum decurrentem. Mox frondibus foliisque siccis igne facto, lepusculi reliquias super vivis prunis ope gladii ac serrae torreo, gustatuque ejus quàm maxime fruor. Primam illam in insulâ solitariâ coenam cum voluptate tristitiâque mirē commistâ memini. Jamque caligabat. Ego autem tabulam quandam reportatam clavis destinavi ad ramos arboris meae, ibique lacernâ obvolutus somno me dabam. Ignipultam inter ramos apposueram: cănis jacebat subtus. Pistolis quŏque succingor, ne simia aliquă major me incessat.
22. Et profundē equidem dormivi, defessus laboribus; tamen ante lucem sum experrectus: (etenim illâ in regione aestatis ipsius nox proximē ante diluculum tenebras obtendit:) atque ego meditans consilia mea compono. Ut primum dilucescit, descendo. Ligna aliquot exacuo securi; tum pro sublicis in arenam ita adigo, ut ratem, quamvis crescentibus aquis, inhibeant. Nitrati pulveris cistas lacernâ protego, si fortè pluat. Serram,--malleum,--clavos,--tabulas duas, robustam tenuemque,--argillam mollem, cum vetere fune pro stuppâ,--in cymbam colloco. Aquam mulctrâ haustam sumo mecum, item poculum ac panem. Lepusculi, quod restat, cum căne divido, ipsoque in cymbam adsumto flumen ingredior, scapham nostram invisurus.
23. Pleno maris aestu, tardiùs descendo flumen; mox intra cautes littus lego, ne quid undarum me incommodet. Magis magisque admiror avium abundantiam, quà marinarum, quà silvestrium. Inter cautes ac littus grallatoriae abundabant. Ad scapham tandem pertingo; perfractam invenio, velut animo praeceperam; credideram posse me detrimenta ejus resarcire. Sed viginti passūs a mari jacebat, procellâ aestuque illius noctis longe evecta; neque summâ meâ vi potuit moveri. Porro, remos idoneos neque habebam, neque, si haberem, adhibere possem, onustâ certe scaphâ. Aeger animi hanc relinquo, remigoque navem versus. Cogitans autem statuo mălum velumque scaphae anquirere, si fortè postea horum usus venerit.
24. Ad scalas navĭs accedo. Has natans non potueram manu attingere: etenim puppis nimiùm erat elata. Sed astans in cymbâ, facilè eas apprehendo. Câne primum superposito, alligatăque cymbâ, ipse ascendi; mox desideo inops consilii. Ollam offendo fructuum condītorum: cum pane vescor, dum cogito. Video alteram ratem non posse me construere; spatium diei non sufficere, si trabes ipsâ ex nave sint dissecandae; loricam tabulatorum discindere, laboriosum fore, nec valde utile. 25. Maurorum memineram rates utribus suffultas. Utres non habebam. Arcas aquae impenetrabiles volebam pro utribus adhibere; sciebam autem nostras solido esse robore et astrictâ fabricâ. Unaquaeque harum ligneo pessulo rudique sĕrâ obdebatur; cuncta compari erant modulo. Die superiore, dissecto serrâ pessulo, facilè aperueram quatuor illas; ĭdem nunc facio in caeteris, atque exinanitarum exploro commissuras. Arctissimae videbantur; id gaudeo: sed funibus properē in mare demisi quatuor harum, ut commissurae aquâ intumescerent; meam ipsius, quae optime fabrefacta est, pice ac stuppâ circa operculum incepi oblinere, periculum faciens, num aquam excludere possem. Postquam operui, cuneos tenues ligneos juxta pessulum inferciebam, quo astrictissimē concluderem. Hanc in mare demisi, fundo sursum sustentata; atque ibi religatam reliqui, ut operam meam aqua exploraret.
26. Jam video diem procedere, metusque subitò me incessit, ne quis thesauros meos e rate compilaret, neve bestia corrumperet cibum. Insula foret an continens terra, culta an inculta, ferocibus bestiis infesta necne,--nondum sciebam. Ratĭs autem dilectissima oculis sōlique exposita manet, dum ego novas hîc res conquiro! Credebam non posse me illo ipso die novae ratĭs onus asportare; satius esse, redire quàm citissimē. Illud succurrit: “Herì, quae ad vitam maxime erant necessaria, avexi; hodie, quae pondere lĕvissima sunt, nundinatione pretiosissima, aveham in cymbâ; ut si fortè navis aliquă me servabit, ne prorsus sim pecuniae inops.” Duo gladios pulcros e caeruleo chalybe invenio; hos avide sumo. In secreto magistri scrinio aureos nummos Hispanorum (doblounos vocant) certò sciebam contineri; quos ille comportabat, ne, ventorum vi aliquò devectus, pecuniâ ad reficiendam navem ĕgēret. Dolabrâ protinus fores scrinii perfringo: invenio autem non auri solum crŭmēnas, sed instrumentum astrologicum, pretiosum illud quidem, ac duo optima horologia; item furcillam mensalem et cochlear, utrumque ex argento; mox duas acūs magneticas, utramque suâ in capsula: tertiam videram ipsum juxta gubernaculum, propter usum gubernandi. In mensulâ offendo supellectilem geographicam ac scriptoriam, cum libris quatuor. Cuncta arripio, et quasi votum Deo concipio, nunquam, quantum in me est, cognatos magistri optimi quidquam laturos damni, si fortè in hominum gregem restituar.
27. Dum meos ipsius perscrutor loculos, unde argentum, arculas optimas clavesque avebam, illud “si fortè” animum auresque meas pertentat. Immo totum hunc diem quasi rhythmus quidam “si fortè” tinnit in auribus, dum remigo, dum incedo. Jam res pretiosissimas in arculis concluseram, quum scaphae memini armamenta. Haec facilè reperio. Mālum ejus ad terram attrahendum decerno, pone cymbam alligatum. Quamvis properans, temperare mihi nequivi, quin lardi asportarem succidiam, cum bulborum majorum marsupio ac capide duobusque cultris. Dein, quidquid videbam corbium, fiscorum, riscorum, quod natare poterat, restibus constringo, et pone traho, in cymbâ portans me ipsum ac canem cum novis thesauris. Ecce autem, dum in eo sum, ut navem relinquam, duae feles cymbae insiliunt, quas quidem neque ego neque cănis aspernatur.
28. In remigando, vereor ne agmen meum, pone tractum, vădo fluminis illidatur; in littus potiùs projicere volo. Dein locum puto exquirendum, ubi ratĭs mea postero die tutissime appellat: nam si arcae in fundo ratĭs aliquò affligerentur, maximum fore periculum ne cunctae res disperirent. Dixi linguâ quâdam maris primo illo mānĕ me a scaphâ interseptum. Hanc video ad dextram cautium, eòque dirigo cursum. Corbes, mālum scaphae, caetera, facilè in littus sursum traho; dein sĭnum illum maris propero intrare.
29. Circa quingentos passūs penetrabat terram, rupe praecipiti undique circumclusus. Ostium angustius erat, quia aspera saxa utrinque exsurgebant postium instar. Littus intimum e mollissimâ ac planissimâ erat arenâ; id quod facilè perspexi, quia nondum altius pertinuerat aestus. Ultra arenam video algas cactosque. Huc certum est ratem illam cras deducere. Quae quum summâ celeritate lustrassem, contentis brachiis domum remigo: nempe domum ire, erat, ad opes meas. Intra cautes mare inveni tunc quidem sanè tranquillum.
30. Ad coquendum protinus accingor, praesertim (si credere possis) propter canem; immo, propter feles item; namque ad quidvis, quod posset me amarĕ, mire allectabar. Quatuor intra lapides ignem accendo. Tres stipites, infrà arenae infixos, suprà fune colligo; inde suâ catenâ suspendo ahenum coculum. Aquam in capĭde apportatam infundo; addo fabas, farinam hordeaceam, lardi segmen cum bulbo. Materiâ igni largiùs injectâ, ignipultam arripio paroque collem ascendere qui haud longe aberat. Cănem mecum adsumo, feles credo propter fervorem ignis nihil nocituras cibo. 31. Mille quingentos passūs ad summum aestimabam iter illud; sed quia propter rivulum quendam atque uvidum sŏlum circuivi, longius erat aliquanto. Demum enisus per praecipitia, mare undique circumfusum conspicor, aliam nullâ ex regione terram, praeter scopulos aliquot duasque pusillas insulas novem fere millia occidentem versus. Unus in postico mons mare exsuperabat; sed tamen eram in insulâ. Hoc me magnopere angebat.
32. Magnâ ex parte sterilior videbatur insula, saxosis collibus abundans, non sine arboribus; quae quidem in cavis locis densabantur. Nisi numerarem felem quandam feram, carnivoras non offenderam bestias; sed praeter macacos ac sciuros in convalle, lepores et exiguos porcillos videram; aves autem notas ignotasque ubique quàm plurimas. Alitem majorem, arbori insidentem, glandibus olorinis transverbero rediens. Pluma ejus rostrumque accipitris erat, ungues modicae, caro piscibus foetida. Tum vero memet increpabam quòd jaculandi suppetias perderem. Alites autem rapaces, quanquam plurimos, non magnos illos videram. Porrò feras hujus insulae coram homine plerasque intrepidas esse repperi. A collis jugo ingentes prospicio arbores, quas aestus in flumine resurgens debeat alluere. Hae supra ratem erant, neque procul ab arbore in quâ proximâ nocte dormiveram. Subter has statuo ratem attrahere, succedente aestu. Sed propere reversus, ignem exstinctum invenio, cibum non male coctum. Feles, valde famelicae, magnâ voce querebantur. Has et canem largiter pasco; et mecum statuo, plures etiam me fabas, si possim, navĕ extracturum.
33. At ferae visio felis me commoverat aliquantum. Verebar ne majores ejusmodi bestiae hîc degerent, ut pardus, ut panthera, quae arbores facilè escendunt. Circumvallare me certus sum. Utensilibus arreptis fabrilibus cum materiâ ac fune, peto arborem meam; ubi, incisuris securi impressis, pālos infigo, breves tabulas suprà destino, tum quator desuper palis contra ictus infernos corroboro. Quippe intellexi felem quamcunque ab ipsâ stirpe arboris tanquam incurrere sursum; et si quid praeruptē emineat, arceri. Restim autem quasi in annulos duos sive amenta complico, quem ramis alligatum, ipse possim prehendere ascendens. Tali tum podio arborem, ut poteram, praetexui: postea confirmavi, pleniore adjutus supellectile. 34. Jam video noctem aestumque approperare. Sublicis evulsis, pone cymbam traho ratem, apponoque sub arbore ingenti incolumem; ubi latēre posse credens, sublicis iterum depango. Deoneratâ cymbâ, compono res omnes accurate. Tum, crastinis consiliis aestuans, tamen somno celeriter corripior, alatis blattis atque vespertilionibus contemtis.
35. Evigilo ante diluculum. Depropero ad cymbam detrudoque in fluvium; cănis quasi suo jure insilit. Subter stellis remigo, adverso aestu. In navem invado, etiam ante solem ortum; sed dilucescebat. Inspicio arcam meam; optime aquam excluserat. Caeteras item e mari subtractas stuppâ ac pice pariter ac meam ipsius concludo. Omnia funibus contentissimis astringo. Mox quattuor sufficere videntur; immo sic tutius fore ad primum experimentum. His in mare delatis, et firmissimē constrictis superpono dolium pulveris nitrati, alterum panis, mox totum fabri repositorium. Adjungo seriam olei, ollam picis, arma missilia aliquot, alias res minores. Vela quotquot inveni, quae supervacanea portabamus, cum scaphae velo, collocavi supra; superque his rursus carbasum quendam pice liquidâ oblĭtum. Tantum onus facillime videbantur arcae tolerare.
36. Postquam restibus omnia consolidavi, paulò ante meridiem, strenuo nisu ratem ad littus traho, paene infimo in aestûs recessu. Sed inter postēs saxeos in sĭnum illum procedo, neque in flumen adversum volŏ me committere. Mare intrà mox quietissimum invenio, et quasi in stagno religo ratem. Maximē gavisus, projicio me sub rupe et paulisper sub umbrâ requiesco: dein cibo recreatus, ad operam redeo. 37. Quidquid erat in rate, in algosum siccae arenae acervum expono; sed laboriosē, propter humiles aquas. Video mare adhuc tranquillum; cras posse co-oriri procellas. Spes et cupiditas, quamvis lasso, dedit vires. Cum carbaso illo (si fortè sit usui) atque cunctis funibus retraho ratem ad navem. Quintam illam properē adjungo arcam, et aliquot res ponderosas impono; inter quas hîc nominare libet mŏlam ferramentis acuendis, glandium majorum cadulos duo: in cymbâ autem meas vestes, et pulveris nitrati aliquantum. Cuncta deporto intra postes marinos incolumia paulò ante tenebras. Valdē defessus inde redibam: sed aestus cymbam subvexit sine meâ vi. Vix poteram coenare; igitur pasto căne felibusque, somno me commisi.
CAPUT (II.) SECUNDUM.
38. TRIUM dierum res gestas narravi singillatim. Imo in corde meo inscriptae sunt, quasi hesternae essent. In iis quae sequuntur, saepius accidet, ut rem probē nōverim, diem meminerim parùm; nec lectori jucundum foret, ut res, si possem, diarii more enarrarem. Dehinc, quae ex nave insuper avexi, summatim potiùs memorabo. 39. Quarto māne dormivi post lucem. Jejunus, vescor avidē: etenim in aheno cibus aliquot dierum mihi meisque restabat. Sed quasi nervis succisis, languebat animus fastidiebatque suos successūs. “Cur laboro?” inquiebam “cur-ve juvat me vivere, solitarium, moribundum? Quid prosunt navĭs spolia, nĭsĭ ut aliquot dies vitam extraham?” Tum addidi clarâ voce: Nĭsĭ fortè! Nĭsĭ fortè! Mox intelligo ventum a mari flare, aestum violentiùs insurgere, in ostio periculosum forsitan cymbae fore. Cymbulam autem illam majoris quàm cuncta quae in nave restabant aestimabam. 40. Tum si ad navem ratem e portu meo traxissem--etenim illum maris sĭnum postibus munitum jam Portum Meum appellabam--quis sponderet, quin naufragium ipso in flumine patĕrer rediens? Nubes porrò volitare animadverti; imber ne caderet, meliùs tegi, quae exposita reliqueram in portu. Etenim cava plura illâ in rupe cognoveram. Illùc igitur pedibus confestim ire decerno. 41. Rupes ad laevam primò rubra erat, nĭsĭ ubi algâ obtegeretur; ipso in portu alba; ulterius praeceps ac caerula: omnis autem e saxo (ut credidi) calcario. Portus cavis locis, immò cavernis abundabat, quarum in aliquam possem sine magno labore eas res recondere, quas pluvia corrumperet potissimùm. Per algas cactosque enisus, hùc reposui lectum vestesque omnes, item panem, ignipultas ac nitratum pulverem, carbaso illo piceato contecta. Res fabriles et cetera graviora vēlis obtexi.
42. Jam corporis illuvies me vexat; nam per tres laboriosissimos dies ac duas noctes iisdem in vestimentis illotus manseram. Discingor nataturus. Pleno ferè aestu quasi lacus maris clarissimus coràm redundabat. Cadebat pluvia tenuis, sed inter nubes radiabat jubar; mox apparebat arcus coelestis. Mirē ille visus stringit mulcetque animum meum. 43. Atqui cănis in aquam me insequitur et mecum vult ludere. Nostratium cănum ille fortasse Graio Hibernorum căni simillimus erat, Molosso domestico gracilior et velocior, glabro item corpore, ut caloribus nāto. Probē nătabat, sed digitatus erat, non palmipes (quod appellant); id est, digitis non erat pellitis; atque ego velocitate natandi facile eum superabam. Itaque hunc dum eludo, me recreo. Ut ex aquâ egressus sum, is crura pedesque meos tam amanter lambit, atque tam gestit me recuperâsse, ut nequiverim me continere. In effusum fletum solvor, velut olim in pueritiâ, sentioque cor exonerari. Vestes mutavi: immundas in aquâ marinâ sub majoribus lapillis demergo: tum egredior, insulam exploraturus. 44. Scando e portu per ardua. Inde video illum collem, quò anteà enīsus sum, hôc a lătĕre ascensu facillimum. Culmen rupium planities erat sive campus calcarius, delicatis vestitus herbis. Hae recenti pluviâ ita erant recreatae, ut nova veteribus admista folia florum praetulerint speciem, ubi rubor vel purpura cum novo virore contendebant. Lepŏres sive cuniculi suis e latibulis egredientes audentiùs me aspexere, quos ne insequeretur, aegrē repressi canem.
45. Mox in scopulosa loco evado, et capros discerno feros procul; antilopas potiùs dixerim. Pone saxa inserpo, quanquam minimē fugaces erant. Glandibus olorinis tubum suffercio; dein igne emisso occīdo capram vulneroque haedum juxtà. Cănĭs intercurrens haedum prehensâ pelle attinet, dum assequor. Crure vulneratam posteriore invenio; poterat tamen incedere. Matrem volui reportare ad flumen vallemque meam; sed fateor, adhuc eram tam delicatus, ut noluerim recentem vestitum sanguine commaculare. Sudariò e sinu vestis extracto, argillâque udâ in vulnus compressâ, constrinxi firmiter; tum gramine sanguinem omnem abstersi. 46. Volui eam in cervicibus portare; sed quando conor, id verò meas vires exsuperat. Super glareosam humum aegerrimē cornibus eam traho, in gramine faciliùs. Haedi cornibus funiculo circumdato, hanc duco mecum simul; id quod, dum ignipultam porto, paene nimium erat; igitur saepius consedi. Via autem et declivis erat, nec longa, circa alterum jŭgi lătus; itaque tandem pervēni. 47. Protinus in udo linteo crus haedi astringo; et, ne longus sim, tantâ curâ foveo pascoque (nam grandiuscula erat) ut mansuetissima evaserit. In arenâ, juxta ratem primam, sub densis umbris, pelvem excavo; in quam, aquâ semisalsâ repletam, recondo capram, ut otiosiùs carni coquendae dem operam. Canem appropinquare vetui; pasco autem liberaliter et hunc et feles: aves tamen metuo, ne carnis sint cupidae.
48. Dum strenuē me exercebam, vix sentiebam miserias meas: sed simul ac lassitudo abrumperet operam, nisi somno corriperer, mens coepit agitari: id quod saepius mihi evēnit. Meas egomet cogitationes nequibam tolerare, et variis quasi ventis hùc illùc ferebar. In desperatissimâ conditione me videbam, extra navium Europaearum cursum. Fracto animo, lugens, interdum lacrimans, diffisus Deo, decreta ejus conquerens; rursùs ipse memet objurgabam, solabar, hortabar, confirmabam, maximē gavisus quòd tot res e navĕ congessissem. 49. Itaque per id tempus, quoniam apud neminem potui vicem miserari meam, aperui capsam scriptoriam, ex quâ chartam, calamos, atramentum, protuli, incipioque angores meos argumentando effundere, quasi per sermonem. Mox talem altercationem in tabulas (ut ita dicam) accepti impensique refero, quas lectoris oculis nunc subjicere libet.
MALA MEA. LEVAMENTA MALORUM.
1. In insulâ solitariâ sum projectus. 1. At non es demersus, sicut ceteri. 2. Ego unus e sodalibus enecor 2. At tibi uni restat spes aegrimoniâ. aliqua effugii. 3. Exsulo e societate hominum. 3. At non servĭs hominibus scelestis. 4. Vi bestiarum sum planē obnoxius. 4. At non in belluosam Africam projectus. 5. Laboriosissimē victum quotidianum 5. At magnam tu habes ex navĕ quaero. opem. 6. Servio hic servitutem perpetuam. 6. At alios tu in servitutem non redigis. 7. Nĭsĭ prius solitariĕ moriar, ad 7. At non tua magis quàm solitariam senectutem reservor. parentum senectus erit solitaria.
50. Profectò ultima illa nimis me pupugēre. Quae pro levamentis scripsi, vulnus animi recrudescere fecerunt. “Peccavi,” inquam: “meritam poenam tolerabo viriliter: fortasse ipsa poena aliquid tandem boni afferet.” Tum citò sedata est omnis mea perturbatio. Ego autem haec atque talia reputans, admiror, quanta sit vis vel incertae obscuraeque religionis, si modò rectâ intendatur viâ. Illud fortasse et si fortè pluris est, quàm quis putaverit; quia saepius indicium est animi per tenebras, lucem versùs, enītentis. Id autem ipsum est virtus: nam sapientissimus quisque nostrûm in suâ tamen versatur caligine, semperque eluctatur pleniorem versùs lucem. Itaque iterùm evasi strenuus. 51. Tum căni felibusque haedum conciliare studeo. Omnes paxillis depango vicinis; unicuique suum largior cibatum; unumquemque suâ vice demulceo. Ex consuctudine spero familiaritatem, ex meâ caritate caritatem mutuam. Postea ad portum căne comitante reversus, alias exploro cavernas, pluresque res meliùs ordino. 52. Tredecim dies in terrâ degebam, necdum navis evanuerat. Illam undecies (credo) ascendi. Quantumvis co-acervaveram, plus tamen concupiscebam; et dum navis consistebat, inter eam portumque meum acerrimum sustento ratĭs commercium. Res aliquot, quas avexi, libet hic memorare: Incudem artillatoris, quam aegerrimē amolitus sum; virgas vectesque ferreos; pensilem lectum cum lodicibus; suppărum antīcum e subsidiariis: lacernas plures: piscatoriam supellectilem novam atque amplam. Porro e re jaculatoriâ magnos forcipes follesque, malleum robustissimum, pelves ferreas ad plumbum liquefaciendum, batillum grande. Tum omnes ignipultas, bonas malas, asporto; item alterum par pistolarum. Demùm fabrilem mensam, retinaculo cocleato instructam, multo cum labore per tollenonem demitto, laetusque comperio hanc per se natare. Inter minores res memoro libram cum lancibus aheneis, sive trutinam oportet appellare, quam in scrinio magistri offendi. Ille propter medicas, credo, usūs habebat; nam magister nautis pro medico erat. Ego hanc, velut pecunias, idcirco asservavi, siquando pro nummis valeret. Ingentem plumbi convoluti laminam, quae nimia posset esse, securi malleoque discissam particulatim asportavi; etiam magnum pilularum plumbearum vim, plures rudentes, funes, ferreos hamos, clavos, pessulos, confibulas, annulos. Cannonas suâ ex sede non eram deturbaturus. Postea magnum tritici dolium laetus invenio, seriam optimi adōris, sacchari cadum majorem, vini ardentis amphoras tres; porro cultros furcillasque mensales, grandem forficem, tres novaculas, quatuor nautarum gladios sive sicas.